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Types Of Skin Cleansers:
Usually, cleansers with an alkaline pH are not as well tolerated
as cleansers with a neutral or acid pH.
pH 7.0 is neutral (a 0.5 shift in any direction is still considered neutral).
A pH higher than 7.5 is alkaline.
A pH lower than 6.5 is acid. The pH of the skin is 5.5.
This acid pH helps protect the skin, and is called "acid mantle".
Cleansers with a neutral or acid pH do not disrupt this acid mantle
like alkaline cleansers do.
There are 3 basic types of skin cleansers:
• Soaps.
• Synthetic bars.
• Lipid-free cleansers.
Types of Soaps:
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts from animal and vegetable fats.
They are alkaline, with a pH from 9 to 10.
Therefore, they can be irritating, especially in diseased skin.
Soaps also form soap scum on the skin.
• Most of the soaps are opaque, but transparent soaps are also available.
Also called glycerin soaps, they contain ingredients such as alcohol,
glycerin and sugar that produce a clear, soft bar.
• Superfatted soaps contain increased amounts of fat or oil
in an attempt to leave a protective film of oil on the skin.
• Deodorant soaps contain topical antiseptics to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Synthetic bars, which were developed about 50 years ago as an improvement,
usually contain synthetic surfactants as cleansing agents.
Synthetic bars are less irritating than soap bars, and they don't form soap scum.
Synthetic Body Washes: were developed as an improvement
on liquid soaps. They contain synthetic surfactants as cleansing agents.
They are less irritating than soap bars, and they don't form soap scum.
There are differences in the types of soap for the skin.
Soaps differ in their external appearance, perfume and composition. For example:
• A super fatty soap contains excessive fatty material and leaves some oil
to protect the skin. They are used to improve softness.
• Some transparent soaps contain glycerin and a more varied amount
of vegetable fats.
• Other soaps don't have detergents and preserve the acid mantel.
• Some people prefer liquid soaps (body washes), others prefer bars.
The election will depend on many factors, including age, texture,
skin problems and personal necessities. It is very important to know the pH.
In childhood neutral pH soaps are recommended, while later those with
an acidic pH are more advisable.
For more tips, download Cleanser Types, a free ebook.
Use of soaps according to the age:
All soaps are efficient for cleaning the skin.
However, due to the age, inheritance, weather, texture of the skin and culture,
there are many options and appropriate methods for cleansing the skin.
Infants: The skin has sebaceous glands that are not very active.
However, sweat glands are very active. Warm water for the shower or baths
is recommended. The use of a mild, neutral pH, liquid soap
is recommended in order to eliminate oil. Use very soft sponges that
don't irritate the skin. After bathing, it is necessary to apply body milk
with neutral pH, which doesn't produce burning on the skin.
Avoid using soaps when an eruption or rash exists.
A great amount of soap is not required.
Children: As the child grows, the necessity for soap will increase.
Again, however, if an eruption on the skin occurs, regular soaps must be avoided.
The use of soaps is particularly difficult in children who have atopic dermatitis,
a dry and scaly skin condition that is hereditary. In this case, use a soap
containing oatmeal and mimosa extracts to calm and soothe the skin.
Teenagers: The necessity for soap use and the daily baths increases.
The sebaceous and sweat glands work now with great efficiency
and could resist the repeated use of soaps. From the puberty to the mature age,
the sebaceous glands work to the maximum capacity.
This is especially true for hair and scalp, forehead, face
and the superior part of the thorax. Washing the face twice a day
could diminish the oil and contribute to alleviate pimples.
Old people: As skin ages, the sebaceous glands segregate a minor degree of oils.
The soap could begin to cause an undesirable degree of dryness.
This depends on the person. Some people may continue washing with soap
during a long time without adverse effects.
Seasonal variations affect to the skin and should be considered.
Cold, wind, solar light and other environmental factors play a role
in the development of the skin dryness.
If soap is used very frequently, people could develop xerosis (cutaneous dryness).
It is better to reduce the use of soap, especially on the lower extremities,
particularly in winter. Creams or cleansing lotions could be some good substitutes.
However, certain body areas will require the continuous use of soap.
The body creases are the areas where soap should continue being used.
It is also important to moisturize the skin after each bath or shower.
Cleansing Milks:
are soapless liquids that cleanse without water.
These products often contain glycerin, cetyl alcohol and propylene glycol,
but they do not contain oils or fats. They leave a thin moisturizing film
and are especially helpful for sensitive or irritated skins.
They are used on the face and around the eyes like substitutes for the soap
to remove makeup and are particularly suitable for dry skins.
They act forming an emulsion with the oil, sweat and traces of makeup,
which are then removed. Some of them also have a moisturizing and calming action.
They may be used for all skin types, including the most sensitive and fragile.
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